All throughout society there is this public misperception of hacking as the source of all computer evils. Hollywood and TV Broadcasters portray Hackers as those computer wizards who immorally engage in identity theft, interception of phone calls, accessing of other people’s information and electronic transfer of money to ghost bank accounts. While there are certainly computer wizards with such intentions, this is not what hacking is all about. Hacking, however, is being confused with “cracking”. Unlike being a Cracker, being a Hacker could actually be good and beneficial.

In the computer lingo, the concept of hacking truly refers to “the ability to use technology for other purposes than what it was meant for.” The term was also originally used to refer to a clever expert or computer programmer. In fact, were it not for Hackers, the computing world would probably not even exist. Although not usually known to modern society as Hackers, the first hackers were responsible for the invention of programming languages, open source software such as the Unix Internet operating system, the World Wide Web and even the Internet.

Take for example Dennis Ritchie and John McCarthy? . Although their recent passing did not swarm the tabloids of media coverage like the death of Steve Jobs, both of these computer wizards can be said to have been part of the early fathers of modern hacking.

Dennis Ritchie is the author of the C programming language, which - in a very abbreviated sense - enabled the same computer programs to work for the first time on different machines. The C programming language laid the pathway for its later descendants: C++, C# and Java. Most of our current gadgets run on these languages.

Mr. Ritchie is also known to have developed UNIX in conjunction with Ken Thompson. Which, to my surprise, currently serves as the basis for Mac’s modern operating system. UNIX was later re-engineered by Linus Torvalds into Linux. Today, UNIX is known to be the Internet’s operating system.

On the other hand, John McCarthy is attributed to have developed the list processing language or LISP. LISP was created with the idea to have computers talk back to us. And with such idea, McCarthy? coined the term “Artificial Intelligence”. As such, LISP has been an important tool in AI research. At present time, LISP is still one of the oldest programming languages presently being used.

It seems then that, as early Hackers, these innovators were pretty harmless. To the contrary, they seem to have played and indispensable role for modern computer science.

Contrary to common perception, Hackers work for our common good. Those who are known to be part of this privileged community have their own philosophy and mode of operation. Most importantly, they are utterly open about it. Among Hackers’ most important beliefs are the following: (1) problems should never be solved twice; (2) true contribution lies in giving away the product of your skills so others can use them.

Up to this date, Hackers help run the World Wide Web and the Internet (e.g. administer mailing lists, maintaining software archive sites, developing technical standards), they develop open source software and help debug problems from it, among other things. In essence, they assist in keeping the computer infrastructure running. However, it is very important to note that, in doing so, they are mainly working as volunteers. Thus, thanks to the charity of these misperceived “criminals” we are able to enjoy the fascinating technological developments of modern society.

On the other hand, Crackers are those computer prodigies who employ their hacking skills to break into computer systems and create computer viruses, among other things, for illegal purposes. The term Cracker is one given by Hackers themselves to differentiate from the first. Further terms such as “Black Hats” for the former and “White Hats” for the latter, have also been coined to differ both parties.

Crackers tend to act secretively and anonymously. A most recent example can be taken from the recent actions of LulzSec, a group of unidentified Crackers that were able to break into Sony and the system of a company affiliated with the F.B.I. Typical of a Cracker’s behavior, LulzSec’s actions were accompanied by boasting and mockery. In the case of Sony, they posted some of its proprietary source code on file sharing websites.

According to Eric Steven Raymond: “hackers build things, crackers break them.” To this date, there is much controversy with the definition of the term Hacker and legitimate hackers seem to dislike being associated with their counterparts.

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