http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30042904?uid=3739832&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104910499943

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30042904?uid=3739832&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104910499943

Here are some notes I have taken.

• Maitland
  • Suggested that the common law was directly threatened with a reception of Roman law during the second quarter of the sixteenth century.
    • Common law was saved by the legal education which took place at the inns of court.
  • 1519: the second birth of Roman law.
    • Sir Thomas More
      • Erasmus was a close friend of Thomas More
        • A Dutch Renaissance humanist
      • Humanism was renovating Roman law.
  • 1520: Luther burns the papal bull in Wittenberg
    • • Maitland cites this as an event in the history of jurisprudence.
  • Reginald Pole “was saying that a wise prince would banish this barbaric stuff(?) and receive in its stead the civil law of the Romans.” (7)
    • At this time, “Roman law was driving German law out of Germany or forcing it to conceal itself in humble forms and obscure corners.” (7-8)
    • The age of the Renaissance “was also the age of the ‘Reception’” (of Roman law).
    • So Pole is himself advocating a Reception of Roman law
  • Not long after Pole’s calls, King Henry (whose word was law supreme in church and state, prohibited the academic study of canon law, AND encouraged the study of another (by founding professorships at Oxbridge).
    • Professor Thomas Smith took a chair at Cambridge. He represented the three R’s, Renaissance, Reformation and Reception. (9)
      • He returned from some trip (9-10) extolling Alciatus and Zasius, who interpreted civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the interpretations of the glossators.
      • Zasi had once compared the work he was doing for the Corpus Juris with the work Luther was doing for the Bible.
    • Various figures of the reformation (Calvin, Melanchthon) admired Roman jurisprudence.
• Baker
  • In 1641, conciliar jurisdiction in the old sense was swept away forever after a decade where the Star Chamber became too closely involved in politics.
    • BUT conciliar justice was a regular feature of the English system for nearly 3 centuries.
  • Maitland was wrong
    • The business of CL courts did not decline in the way Maitland had claimed; a reception of classical Roman law studied by legal humanists on the Continent was impracticable.
    • The conciliar courts and chancery never attempted to apply the rules of the Civil or canon law. The only substantive law of which Chancery took notice was English law regarding land and commerce.
  • Even so, the Renaissance did have an effect on the development of English law.
    • There were/are a variety of tendencies in English legal thought that reflected the attitudes and ideals that are usually associated with humanism.
      • Examples– The historical approach to the law, a concern with the structure form and language of legal sources, a rational approach to law reform, a new confidence in legislation to advance the interests of the commonwealth; a search for equitable remedies in law, and “a new-found judicial positivism which laid emphasis on the reasoned decisions of courts as a primary source of law” (18).
        • Baker argues that these same tendencies can be detected in the legal history of Continental European countries at this time. This claim counters those which had developments in English law being immune to those taking place elsewhere on the Continent.

-- JulianAzran - 15 Oct 2014

[1] T.F.T. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law (5th ed. 1956), page 43.

-- IgnacioMenchaca - 15 Oct 2014

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