Law in the Internet Society

View   r3  >  r2  >  r1
DahwitBerhanuFirstEssay 3 - 27 Nov 2024 - Main.DahwitBerhanu
Line: 1 to 1
 
META TOPICPARENT name="FirstEssay"
Changed:
<
<

Status Over Privacy: The Apple iPhone

>
>

Taking Back Our Privacy From Smartphones (Final Version)

 
Changed:
<
<
-- By DahwitBerhanu - 20 Oct 2024
>
>
-- By DahwitBerhanu - 27 Nov 2024
 

Introduction

Changed:
<
<
In 2011, roughly one-third of Americans owned a smartphone. Today, that number has climbed to nine-tenths of the population. Of the many Americans who presently own smartphones, more than half use the Apple IOS operating system. What explains the strong preference for Apple smartphones over its peer competitors has little reason to do with a superior operating system or affordability (neither of which are true). Instead, the strong preference for Apple devices has to do with what it represents…status.
>
>
Present day, more than ninety percent of the American population owns a smartphone. Of the millions of Americans who own smartphones, more than half use the Apple IOS operating system. Though the reasons behind the preference of the Apple IOS operating system over its competitors are varied — the iPhone as a status symbol, the exclusivity of the Apple ecosystem, and perhaps even aesthetic concerns — the problem remains the same. That is, regardless of the brand or particular device smart-phone owning Americans chose to own, they are still subject to surveillance and tracking. Accordingly, the question then becomes how can Americans restore and perhaps even enhance their privacy without giving up their ‘beloved’ smartphone devices. For the purposes of this paper, the discussion on the possible measures users can take will be limited to a device we are all too familiar with as consumers — the Apple iPhone.
 
Added:
>
>

What’s Being Tracked

 
Changed:
<
<

Status and the Apple Ecosystem

>
>
In order to get a sense of the sheer amount of unknowing surveillance our Apple iPhone device carries out every second of each day, one needs to only open up the ‘settings’ app and look for the ‘privacy & security’ function. Using myself as an example, my settings quickly reveal that out of the 70 applications on my iPhone, 37 different applications are using GPS, bluetooth, crowd-sourced Wi-Fi, and cell tower locations to determine my location at any given time of day. Moreover, the device has full access to my calendar, my internet history, my photos, my microphone, and even my contacts list. Perhaps most troubling is the ‘motion & fitness’ function which estimates the user’s body motion, mobility, step counts, stairs climbed, and heart rate. Indisputably, the tracking and surveillance capabilities of the iPhone encompasses a wide spectrum of different areas, from the user’s locations, frequent contacts, health data, the user’s daily schedule, and even the user’s private conversations.
 
Changed:
<
<
Since its inception in the fall of 2007, the Apple iPhone has come to signify a certain lifestyle and financial status. With iPhones starting at a premium of $999, it quickly becomes puzzling how so many Americans are able to afford such expensive products. Startling however is the fact that millions of Americans are not forking over such large dollar amounts upfront. Instead, roughly 55% of Americans who own iPhones finance such payments—ultimately incurring debt just to get the latest gadget. Compelling Americans to go into debt just to be able to obtain their products, Apple has managed to cultivate a status symbol around its products.
>
>
Another such feature on iPhone which many utilize is known as iCloud, a service from Apple that stores all the data from the respective user’s device in a cloud so that it is available across all Apple devices (iPhone, iPad, and Mac). Problematically, such a service is not very secure. In fact, Apple can see every single thing you store in the cloud. Apple is able to see all your information for the simple reason that they encrypt all of the user’s data using its own keys, both in transit and on the company’s servers. Simply put, by controlling the encryption, Apple is able to control who is able to access the data, which, unsurprisingly, is themselves.
 
Deleted:
<
<
Status symbols, by their very nature, are external indicators of an individual’s financial and social status. Status symbols come in many forms. Luxury cars, designer clothes, mansions, and high end watches are all status symbols. Most importantly, such status symbols are material possessions intended to convey a certain perception of oneself. With the Apple iPhone, the question then becomes what status does such a product represent? Besides signaling financial status, the iPhone signals that you are a part of the Apple ecosystem.
 
Changed:
<
<
The Apple ecosystem is exclusive in form, most evident in the way those with iPhones interact with those who don’t. Apple’s messaging and video operating system with its many features and distinct experience is not accessible to Android users. IPhone users are unable to video call their friends using Apple’s proprietary software but instead must overcome hurdles and download third-party apps such as Skype or Zoom just to video chat. More prominent is the texting feature. Among iPhone users, texts appear in blue—a color psychologically linked with feelings of tranquility, trust, and security. However, should an iPhone user text an Android user, texts appear in a bright green color—signaling to those involved the lack of an Apple IOS device. Due to the lack of compatibility with iPhone users, an outsider perception is born. Rejecting non-iPhone users from partaking in the simple functions of texting and video calling their iPhone owning friends, those not compatible are ultimately excluded. Thereby tyrannizing non-iPhone users, a choice must be made, continue to exist excluded from those around you or conform and become a part of the Apple ecosystem. From less than 30% of smartphone operating systems among Americans in 2012 to more than 53% present day, Apple has managed to convince the majority of Americans to act on feelings of insecurity and exclusion to assimilate to the ecosystem.
>
>

Actionable Steps

 
Changed:
<
<

Implications

>
>
To remedy the gross violation of individual privacy and autonomy, one of the first steps an individual can take is to review the ‘settings’ application to see which applications and programs are conducting such tracking. To get rid of the location tracking capabilities of the iPhone, one needs to only disable the location tracking feature in the ‘settings’ application. By disabling the location tracking feature, applications no longer can use GPS, bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cell tower locations to pinpoint the user’s exact geographical location. Under the ‘advertising’ section in the ‘settings’ application, one can disable personalized ads from appearing, thereby preventing Apple from using personal information to curate advertisements. To disable the iPhone from listening in on the user’s conversations, one need only to disable the ‘Siri’ function which is Apple’s voice assistance feature that constantly listens to conversations in the hopes that the user will trigger its use. Likewise, Apple’s access to a user’s photos, calendar, and health data can also be turned off through the ‘settings’ application.
 
Changed:
<
<
Besides demonstrating that Apple has successfully invaded the minds of millions of Americans and convinced them of the social cachet of iPhones, the Apple iPhone has revealed an incredibly profound observation about the way in which Americans interact with electronic devices. The fact that more than half of iPhone users are willing to incur debt to finance such purchases demonstrates the complete submission of ourselves to these products. The social branding Apple has managed to cultivate around iPhones proves itself to be too strong to resist. With Americans unable to resist the temptation of purchasing such devices, it would seem logical to conclude that little concern is minded to the behavior manipulation and data tracking such devices are able to achieve. However, this is not the case. Per a Pew Research Center survey, roughly 80% of Americans expressed concern about how companies use the data collected. Despite such concerns, it is clear that the American population cares little about doing something about it. Far from giving up their beloved iPhones and Apple devices, Americans have instead accepted defeat and continue to purchase iPhones in ever increasing numbers year after year. Whether it is because Americans believe the benefits of iPhone ownership outweigh the costs of data collection and behavior modification or because Apple has cultivated too irresistible a cultural and social significance, it remains cemented in American culture that iPhones are not going anywhere anytime soon.
>
>
Moreover, iPhone users should immediately cease using ‘Face Id’ to unlock their devices. By allowing Apple to retain such intimate biometric data in its facial recognition technology, users are permitting Apple to access numerous data points such as eye distance, the space between nose and mouth, and overall head length to list a few. Such a feature compromises individual privacy by creating data vulnerabilities, infringing on personal freedoms, and providing opportunities for fraud among other crimes. Disabling facial recognition in favor of a numerical and alphabetical password provides far more security to not just the individual but also to the data stored on the device.
 
Changed:
<
<
That being said, what then can be done about this? Convincing Americans to get rid of their beloved iPhones will prove to be as impossible as taking away any American right enumerated in the Bill of Rights. Instead, and perhaps at the very least, advocates should educate the millions of Americans who own smartphones on responsible phone use. Teaching Americans how to modify app permissions, manage location services, opt-out of data sharing features, and minimize data collection on social media platforms all serve as plausible solutions many Americans will conceivably be more willing to try than simply downgrading their devices to a flip-phone or no phone at all. With roughly 75% of children owning smartphones by the age of 12, schools could also adopt instructional programs on responsible smartphone use. Regardless of the many possible approaches concerned advocates wish to take, the simple fact remains that the Apple iPhone has managed to convince millions that social status and the Apple ecosystem are more important than individual privacy. Thus, any hope of a different future requires striking a balance between the status afforded such devices and data privacy.
>
>
Concerning iCloud, a user can enhance its security by turning on a feature found in ‘settings’ known as Advanced Data Protection. By doing so, iPhone data will now be secured by end-to-end encryption as opposed to Apple’s standard encryption. Because using Advanced Data Protection takes away Apple’s keys to decrypt a user’s data, a user will be solely responsible for the recovery of their data should they lose their device. Accordingly, a user must have the technical expertise to set up alternative recovery mechanisms in order to fully take advantage of Apple’s Advanced Data Protection feature.
 
Changed:
<
<
So far as privacy is concerned, the differences between iOS and Android devices are not substantial. All the devices are meant to surveil their "owners," and the operating systems are designed to make those surveillance possibilities available to entities loading "approved" or "unapproved" code into handsets over the network. There are some significant differences in the backend ecologies that are based on all that common spying, but you do not actually discuss any of them here. To that discussion, therefore, the iPhone itself is entirely epiphenomenal.
>
>

Conclusion

 
Changed:
<
<
The marketing of the iPhone as jewelry signaling the target's social status, on the other hand, has nothing to do with the privacy concequences, which are the same whether the device is expensive or less expensive (all computing in that form factor is relatively very expensive compared to equivalent forms of computing in different hardware packages, which is part of why the comuting of the poor is so much more expensive than the computing of the rich). The same is true whether it uses a fully proprietary or partially free operating system. So all the pother about people's "beloved iPhones" may very well be relevant to an explanation of their consumption choices without actually telling us anything about the future of the Net.
>
>
That said, it is clear that there exists a plethora of different measures a user can take to enhance privacy without compromising their choice to own an iPhone. Though some measures are easier than others to incorporate, it is important that every iPhone user take proactive steps to better protect themselves from the surveillance their ‘beloved’ iPhones are conducting on them each and every second. Ultimately, though such steps can ameliorate the harmful surveillance capabilities ever present in the iPhone, they are not perfect and there are still ways in which Apple monitors its devices. Thus, for those truly concerned about surveillance and tracking, the solution is rather simple — don’t buy an iPhone.
 
Deleted:
<
<
It seems to me, therefore, that the real direction of the essay isn't an investigation of the relative success of one handset manufacturer. Perhaps the question is whether people whose life habits center around the use of a smartassphone as their primary computer can enjoy enhanced or restored privacy without changing their basic device preference. That would lead you to look into how to use smartassphone hardware without connecting it to Apple, Google or other platform services. That would be good learning for you and highly informative for other readers.
 
Deleted:
<
<

Sources

Why are these not ordinary links, anchored to the correct phrases in the ext so that the reader can use the Web as intended, by clicking on references directly? We are writing for and on the web, the wiki makes linking trivial. Why wiould we make things hard for the reader?

1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266572/market-share-held-by-smartphone-platforms-in-the-united-states/ 2. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/?tabItem=64e32376-5a21-4b1d-8f8b-5f92406db984 3. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/iphone-users-opt-payment-plans-170323942.html 4. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/11/15/americans-and-privacy-concerned-confused-and-feeling-lack-of-control-over-their-personal-information/ 5. https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/11/children-mobile-phone-age.html#:~:text=About%2025%25%20of%20children%20received,the%20end%20of%20the%20study.



DahwitBerhanuFirstEssay 2 - 10 Nov 2024 - Main.EbenMoglen
Line: 1 to 1
 
META TOPICPARENT name="FirstEssay"
Line: 26 to 26
 That being said, what then can be done about this? Convincing Americans to get rid of their beloved iPhones will prove to be as impossible as taking away any American right enumerated in the Bill of Rights. Instead, and perhaps at the very least, advocates should educate the millions of Americans who own smartphones on responsible phone use. Teaching Americans how to modify app permissions, manage location services, opt-out of data sharing features, and minimize data collection on social media platforms all serve as plausible solutions many Americans will conceivably be more willing to try than simply downgrading their devices to a flip-phone or no phone at all. With roughly 75% of children owning smartphones by the age of 12, schools could also adopt instructional programs on responsible smartphone use. Regardless of the many possible approaches concerned advocates wish to take, the simple fact remains that the Apple iPhone has managed to convince millions that social status and the Apple ecosystem are more important than individual privacy. Thus, any hope of a different future requires striking a balance between the status afforded such devices and data privacy.
Added:
>
>
So far as privacy is concerned, the differences between iOS and Android devices are not substantial. All the devices are meant to surveil their "owners," and the operating systems are designed to make those surveillance possibilities available to entities loading "approved" or "unapproved" code into handsets over the network. There are some significant differences in the backend ecologies that are based on all that common spying, but you do not actually discuss any of them here. To that discussion, therefore, the iPhone itself is entirely epiphenomenal.

The marketing of the iPhone as jewelry signaling the target's social status, on the other hand, has nothing to do with the privacy concequences, which are the same whether the device is expensive or less expensive (all computing in that form factor is relatively very expensive compared to equivalent forms of computing in different hardware packages, which is part of why the comuting of the poor is so much more expensive than the computing of the rich). The same is true whether it uses a fully proprietary or partially free operating system. So all the pother about people's "beloved iPhones" may very well be relevant to an explanation of their consumption choices without actually telling us anything about the future of the Net.

It seems to me, therefore, that the real direction of the essay isn't an investigation of the relative success of one handset manufacturer. Perhaps the question is whether people whose life habits center around the use of a smartassphone as their primary computer can enjoy enhanced or restored privacy without changing their basic device preference. That would lead you to look into how to use smartassphone hardware without connecting it to Apple, Google or other platform services. That would be good learning for you and highly informative for other readers.

 

Sources

Added:
>
>
Why are these not ordinary links, anchored to the correct phrases in the ext so that the reader can use the Web as intended, by clicking on references directly? We are writing for and on the web, the wiki makes linking trivial. Why wiould we make things hard for the reader?

 1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266572/market-share-held-by-smartphone-platforms-in-the-united-states/ 2. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/?tabItem=64e32376-5a21-4b1d-8f8b-5f92406db984 3. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/iphone-users-opt-payment-plans-170323942.html

DahwitBerhanuFirstEssay 1 - 20 Oct 2024 - Main.DahwitBerhanu
Line: 1 to 1
Added:
>
>
META TOPICPARENT name="FirstEssay"

Status Over Privacy: The Apple iPhone

-- By DahwitBerhanu - 20 Oct 2024

Introduction

In 2011, roughly one-third of Americans owned a smartphone. Today, that number has climbed to nine-tenths of the population. Of the many Americans who presently own smartphones, more than half use the Apple IOS operating system. What explains the strong preference for Apple smartphones over its peer competitors has little reason to do with a superior operating system or affordability (neither of which are true). Instead, the strong preference for Apple devices has to do with what it represents…status.

Status and the Apple Ecosystem

Since its inception in the fall of 2007, the Apple iPhone has come to signify a certain lifestyle and financial status. With iPhones starting at a premium of $999, it quickly becomes puzzling how so many Americans are able to afford such expensive products. Startling however is the fact that millions of Americans are not forking over such large dollar amounts upfront. Instead, roughly 55% of Americans who own iPhones finance such payments—ultimately incurring debt just to get the latest gadget. Compelling Americans to go into debt just to be able to obtain their products, Apple has managed to cultivate a status symbol around its products.

Status symbols, by their very nature, are external indicators of an individual’s financial and social status. Status symbols come in many forms. Luxury cars, designer clothes, mansions, and high end watches are all status symbols. Most importantly, such status symbols are material possessions intended to convey a certain perception of oneself. With the Apple iPhone, the question then becomes what status does such a product represent? Besides signaling financial status, the iPhone signals that you are a part of the Apple ecosystem.

The Apple ecosystem is exclusive in form, most evident in the way those with iPhones interact with those who don’t. Apple’s messaging and video operating system with its many features and distinct experience is not accessible to Android users. IPhone users are unable to video call their friends using Apple’s proprietary software but instead must overcome hurdles and download third-party apps such as Skype or Zoom just to video chat. More prominent is the texting feature. Among iPhone users, texts appear in blue—a color psychologically linked with feelings of tranquility, trust, and security. However, should an iPhone user text an Android user, texts appear in a bright green color—signaling to those involved the lack of an Apple IOS device. Due to the lack of compatibility with iPhone users, an outsider perception is born. Rejecting non-iPhone users from partaking in the simple functions of texting and video calling their iPhone owning friends, those not compatible are ultimately excluded. Thereby tyrannizing non-iPhone users, a choice must be made, continue to exist excluded from those around you or conform and become a part of the Apple ecosystem. From less than 30% of smartphone operating systems among Americans in 2012 to more than 53% present day, Apple has managed to convince the majority of Americans to act on feelings of insecurity and exclusion to assimilate to the ecosystem.

Implications

Besides demonstrating that Apple has successfully invaded the minds of millions of Americans and convinced them of the social cachet of iPhones, the Apple iPhone has revealed an incredibly profound observation about the way in which Americans interact with electronic devices. The fact that more than half of iPhone users are willing to incur debt to finance such purchases demonstrates the complete submission of ourselves to these products. The social branding Apple has managed to cultivate around iPhones proves itself to be too strong to resist. With Americans unable to resist the temptation of purchasing such devices, it would seem logical to conclude that little concern is minded to the behavior manipulation and data tracking such devices are able to achieve. However, this is not the case. Per a Pew Research Center survey, roughly 80% of Americans expressed concern about how companies use the data collected. Despite such concerns, it is clear that the American population cares little about doing something about it. Far from giving up their beloved iPhones and Apple devices, Americans have instead accepted defeat and continue to purchase iPhones in ever increasing numbers year after year. Whether it is because Americans believe the benefits of iPhone ownership outweigh the costs of data collection and behavior modification or because Apple has cultivated too irresistible a cultural and social significance, it remains cemented in American culture that iPhones are not going anywhere anytime soon.

That being said, what then can be done about this? Convincing Americans to get rid of their beloved iPhones will prove to be as impossible as taking away any American right enumerated in the Bill of Rights. Instead, and perhaps at the very least, advocates should educate the millions of Americans who own smartphones on responsible phone use. Teaching Americans how to modify app permissions, manage location services, opt-out of data sharing features, and minimize data collection on social media platforms all serve as plausible solutions many Americans will conceivably be more willing to try than simply downgrading their devices to a flip-phone or no phone at all. With roughly 75% of children owning smartphones by the age of 12, schools could also adopt instructional programs on responsible smartphone use. Regardless of the many possible approaches concerned advocates wish to take, the simple fact remains that the Apple iPhone has managed to convince millions that social status and the Apple ecosystem are more important than individual privacy. Thus, any hope of a different future requires striking a balance between the status afforded such devices and data privacy.

Sources

1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266572/market-share-held-by-smartphone-platforms-in-the-united-states/ 2. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/?tabItem=64e32376-5a21-4b1d-8f8b-5f92406db984 3. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/iphone-users-opt-payment-plans-170323942.html 4. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/11/15/americans-and-privacy-concerned-confused-and-feeling-lack-of-control-over-their-personal-information/ 5. https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/11/children-mobile-phone-age.html#:~:text=About%2025%25%20of%20children%20received,the%20end%20of%20the%20study.



Revision 3r3 - 27 Nov 2024 - 22:25:11 - DahwitBerhanu
Revision 2r2 - 10 Nov 2024 - 21:24:43 - EbenMoglen
Revision 1r1 - 20 Oct 2024 - 21:55:29 - DahwitBerhanu
This site is powered by the TWiki collaboration platform.
All material on this collaboration platform is the property of the contributing authors.
All material marked as authored by Eben Moglen is available under the license terms CC-BY-SA version 4.
Syndicate this site RSSATOM